Factors that Influence Personality

Table of Contents Introduction Essay Conclusion References Introduction Personality has been associated with one’s behavior and characteristics and has not yet found a true definition of the word. However, it can be defined as a supreme realization of the natural habit of a living being (Eliasz, Hampson de Raad, 2006). Personality determines whether one is energetic, happy, dull, smart or apathetic and thus majority of people have been led to define the term as a collection of psychological parts incorporating emotions, thoughts and motives (Burger, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors that Influence Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also the entire mental organization of an individual at any phase of his growth and development. Daily interactions with others enable people to assess and interpret personalities around them. Personality is an individual’s wholeness that incorporates traits, attitudes and qualities which forms one of the basic foundations of the study of Psychology (Eliasz, et al., 2006). There are a number of characteristics associated with personality that enhance positive development and growth for instance honesty where one is open in the way they behave as well as the attitude they have towards their work. Intelligence is yet another characteristic that is perhaps considered as the most basic of positive personality traits and is highly valued in a human being (Burger 2007). This particular trait usually leads to others respecting someone. A person who also shows the ability to be helpful, courteous and empathic is also welcomed by the society and garners him respect (Eliasz, et al., 2006). In order to determine one’s personality majority of psychologists give tests based on five key traits making up the essence of one’s personality and these include extraversion, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscien tiousness (Eliasz, et al., 2006). Essay The Latin word ‘persona’ connotes the term personality meaning a mask worn by actors while playing key roles on stage. This, therefore, means that one’s personality should be a reflection of style of behavior or pattern of that individual revealed through their internal and external properties (Burger, 2007). When studying the behavior of people it is important to keep in mind that they are different and thus possess distinct characteristics and traits which define their unique personalities. These differences in personality are great determinants of how people behave, react or act under corresponding stimuli (Eliasz, et al., 2006). In the past modern psychological studies have revealed that there are factors that tend to influence one’s personality and thus have a lasting impact on them. Some of these factors include dreams and ambition, which shape one’s personality in a manner to facilitate their objectives and goals in life (Burger, 2007). Additionally, every one views him/herself differently from what other people may view or think of them and therefore, self-image breeds personality characteristics that are within this image (Eliasz, et al., 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Freud, a psychoanalyst restored the science of the mind in as far as the objective conscious and subjective unconscious are concerned. He continues to transform traditional cognitive psychology of conscious processing that establishes a barrier between the life of imagination and life of reason (Burger, 2007). Theories of personality development are closely intertwined with those of cognitive development where adulthood and aging are viewed as phases of qualitative discontinuity or transformation of early life patterns (Burger, 2007). Past experiences also have got a lot to do with shaping one’s pers onality as they tend to affect a person positively or negatively. While bad experiences may make one exhibit characteristics of distrust and lead to isolating themselves from the rest, good or positive experiences may lead to motivation to work towards achieving the same results in future (Eliasz, et al. 2006). The environment is also one of the major influences of one’s personality in that people are brought up in different environments and it is no wonder one observes that those individuals brought up in violent- and poverty-stricken regions tend to be tougher than their counterparts who grew up in peaceful and wealthy neighborhoods. Additionally, those born from single families or are orphans tend to be more responsible and self-reliant as they are aware that their fate are dependent upon their efforts in life (Burger, 2007). Evolutionary, biological or genetic and environmental factors can result in the development of an aggressive personality, for instance, those childre n brought up in violent or poverty-stricken areas tend to be more hardworking in matters of education and learning as they believe that once they are successful in their education, they would manage to secure good jobs that will improve and enhance their livelihoods (Burger, 2007). There has been an overwhelming amount of evidence to prove the fact that individual differences are greatly influenced by genetic factors that establish one’s personality. The main reason as to why majority of scientists have dedicated more efforts on studying genetic influences on personality is because they need to better understand the manner in which things work (Eliasz, et al., 2006). It is also widely believed that genetics are the key determinants of one’s personality. They also agree on the fact that environmental factors relate with genetic ones to develop personality and proposed theories emphasizing on genetic influences on personalities have also been established (Eliasz, et al. 2006). It was previously thought that environmental factors were the only factors generally influencing personality, but this has been proved otherwise in the course of the years where it has been discovered that genetic factors also influence personality after numerous tests were carried out on twins. Parents tend to directly or indirectly influence a child’s personality development in the course of their years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors that Influence Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Experiments recently carried out in Japan have also revealed that personality is influenced by blood-type, where it makes personality highly distinct and is used for hiring practices and divisions of work in Japanese companies (Burger 2007). This is attributed to the fact that personality is genetically passed down from parents to children and therefore, personalities exhibited by the parents will be similarly exhibited by their children (Burger, 2007). Self-efficacy refers to a belief held by a person that they are capable of performing in a particular way to achieve specified goals and aims (Eliasz, et al. 2006). It is quite possible for people to be able to identify objectives they want to accomplish or things they would like to achieve or change in the course of their lives. Self-efficacy plays a key role in the manner in which challenges, tasks and goals are approached (Burger, 2007). Perceptions of self-efficacy are situation-specific and subject to presented opportunities to past experiences, attitudes, skills or abilities or even social/cultural norms (Eliasz, et al. 2006). Self-efficacy is part of a person’s personality and since it is a belief, it can be learned unlike personality itself, which is mostly inherent. Developmental changes or personality exhibited in adulthood are manifestations and results of political, economic, social, biological, cross-cultur al and historical intersections and experiences (Burger, 2007). In other words, they are as a result of both nurture and nature even though the overall personality may have been influenced by hereditary or environmental factors. Personality is also influenced by self-efficacy in that individuals with a greater sense of control are more likely to choose effective strategies as compared to those with a weaker sense of control or suffer from lack of confidence (Eliasz, et al. 2006). Conclusion Personality is a representation of who one truly is their characters, shortcomings, traits and therefore makes people unique. As aforementioned, this is usually shaped by a number of factors that include cultural, parental influences, family and to some extent religion. It is, therefore, important for families and the general society to ensure that children are brought up in positive environments that will enhance and nurture their personalities for future. References Burger, J. M. (2007). Person ality. Belmont, C. A.: Cengage Learning. Eliasz, A., Hampson, S. E., and de Raad, B. (2006). Advances in Personality Psychology, Volume 2. Philadelphia, P.A.: Psychology Press.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Factors that Influence Personality was written and submitted by user Pablo Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wedges Gamble essays

Wedges Gamble essays Book Report: Star Wars: X-Wing: Wedges Gamble Lieutenant Corran Horn: The main character of the book. Hes an ex-security man (a police force called CorSec) from the planet Corellia. Finally after going through the galaxy under aliases he joins Rogue Squadron to fight the Empire. He fights for freedom, but his main vendetta is more personal. He went into CorSec because his father did before him. An Imperial Intelligence Officer was also stationed there that had authority over that CorSec office. When he and his father were in a cantina in Corellia, his father was shot and killed before his very eyes. Corran hunted the murderers down and apprehended them. However the Imperial Intelligence Officer in charge, Kirtan Loor, freed them. Since then Corran had no respect for the Empire. He is the best pilot in the squadron, except for Wedge Antilles and Tycho Celchu. He proves to be resourceful and an excellent fighter pilot. Hes got a resourceful R2 droid, nicknamed Whistler, too. Commander Wedge Antilles: The leader of Rogue Squadron. He formed the squadron with Luke Skywalker after the first Death Star was destroyed, since he and Luke were the only X-wing pilots left after the battle. He proves to be a strong leader knowing how to treat his squadron. Since Rogue Squadron is known to be a threat to the Empire so he has to train his pilots to be the very best. Hes highly charismic. Sometimes has a rough time with a few of his superiors. He is the best pilot in the squadron. He has survived countless battles and entanglements with Imperial ships and fighters. He had to reform the squadron because only 4 of the original pilots remained since Luke and Wedge formed the squadron. Luke went to start reforming the Jedi. The other two went to go train other squadrons. Wedge is now faced with the problem of liberating Coruscant. He forges a commando- ...

Political Science - Is there a 'Clash of civilization' or a 'Clash of Essay

Political Science - Is there a 'Clash of civilization' or a 'Clash of fundamentalism' in contemporary International Relations - Essay Example While each conflict may have a unique cause, and very specific and exclusive factors that lead to the build-up and escalation, thinkers and scholars have spent considerable time and efforts in exploring and establishing any common underlying factors that may be leading to the present day conflicts. A well known proposition about the causes of conflict and clash in the current international relations is that different civilizations cannot co-exists and hence conflict is inevitable. ‘The clash of civilization’ theory was proposed by Huntington, (1993) and attributes the basic cause of all international conflict to the assumption that different civilizations are unable to interact with each other in a peaceful manner as inherently their culture, religion, values and beliefs may be contradictory. This theory had postulates that clashes between civilizations would continue to rise after the end of the Cold War. An other proposition explains the conflicts as a result of fundamentalist thinking in political and international relations. The cause of conflict therefore is not the inherent nature of the different civilizations, but the adoption of a fundamentalist outlook in dealing with other countries and people. The paper will first elaborate on the meanings of the two clashes by highlighting the works of other researchers who have contributed in the development of the concepts. Secondly, a literature survey will be conducted to gather material in support or against of The Clash of Civilization Theory, as proposed by Huntington, rests on the premise that there are basically several different kinds if civilizations, namely, the Western Civilization, The Islamic Civilization, The Sinic Civilization, The African Civilization, and The Latin American Civilization. Conflicts may arise within the nation’s boundaries where there is a

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Essay - 1

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) - Essay Example In a nutshell, it can be concluded that a family nurse practitioner is any nurse specially trained to work with patients of all ages to manage their conditions and must be in possession of a FNP certification (Lugo, O’Gradey, Hodnicki & Hanson, 2007). Entry requirements for one to practice as a family nurse practitioner vary from state to state although some requirements have become basic. Generally, a family nurse practitioner is currently required to possess a minimum of a master’s degree in addition to a post-master’s qualifications as cited by Lesley (2007). Additionally, one is also required to possess a national certification from either the American Nurses Credentialing Center or the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners before being allowed to practice as a family nurse practitioner. Lugo et.al (2007) further explain that this scenario is poised to change because the two bodies are planning to require a doctoral degree in future as the minimum a candidate should present to qualify for the certification test. This will be in addition to the inclusion of a special language at a master’s degree level by some states. In comparing the role of family nurse practitioner with that of family practice physician (FPP), it is noticed that the two register more similarities than differences. From the outset, both are trained to provide continuing and comprehensive health care to each member of the family encompassing all ages regardless of gender and type of problem (Lugo et. al, 2007). Similarly, both roles involve education and training in family practice and operation in a variety of nontraditional settings. Moreover, family physicians may be a good choice for those who do not want to do a lot of procedures or surgeries as opposed to other practitioners. This may allow family physicians to enjoy a more predictable schedule and better quality of life than some other specialists who have to be more available

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critique - Article Example Questionnaires were also administered to both groups. The focus of the questions is the kind of stress and the coping strategies suggested by mothers. The results of the study reveal that depending on the extent of the stress, the influence of the mothers’ suggested coping strategies may be adapted by the youth. Furthermore, the research shows that the youth would react positively to stress if their mothers offer some tips on how to deal with peer stress. clinical psychology, psychology graduate students, a post baccalaureate-level research assistant, or advanced undergraduate students†. They were trained extensively for the job that they were supposed to do. The qualifications of the interviewers add credence to the results of the study. Another strength of the study is that the conclusions are validated by the correlation analysis applied to the data gathered. The interpretation and discussion of the results are clearly disseminated in the report. One weakness of the study is that only mothers were included in the research. It is important to note that parenting does not only involve mothers. Fathers play an important role too in the development of the child. The study assumes that it is only the mothers who offer suggestions on coping with peer stress. With regards to the participants of the study, there is no mention how they were chosen and what was the basis in selecting them. An important part of the study is the definition of the terms that are used in the research. It is appreciated that the terms â€Å"engagement† and â€Å"disengagement† responses are clearly defined at the beginning of the article. The listing down and description of the four categories of the responses to stress gives a more meaningful understanding of the results of the questionnaires and interviews. This research is very significant in enhancing the relationship between mothers and their adolescent child. Since the research showed

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay Food is a basic need and food service industry will always continue in demand. This industry includes restaurants, fast foods, and cafeterias, catering opportunities, food carts, food trunks and the like. Filipinos love to eat. This love for food and eating is the major reason why the food industry has flourished well in the Philippines and why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods scattered all over the country. These fast foods and restaurants can be local or international. Filipino food is considered as a unique mixture of Eastern and Western cuisines that mirrors the history of the country. It includes plates and cooking procedures from countries like China, Spain, Mexico and the United States. Even although Filipino food has been influenced by Eastern and Western countries, what makes it unique is the history, the society that introduced and adapted it and the people who accepted it into their homes and restaurants. Filipinos are not just into good food but the total dining experience, good food is just a part of it. It is the way we feel when we are within a fast food or restaurant. How it feels to dinner out with family or friends or even when youre by yourself. When choosing a restaurant or a fast food, customers usually check for the cleanliness of the place, freshness of the food, watched over premises, enough parking area, the mood, design and land of the place, and for some restaurants, even the music. The physical and emotional response is a result of all these factors. These can make the whole dining experience level better. A recent study shows that due to economic crisis, customers or consumers think that when it comes to food shopping, preparing and dining. They are not for weight loss or just eating out at fancy restaurants but they choose what they eat for wellness. They want more nutrition for their money and are more conscious of it. INTRODUCTION OF FAST FOOD Fast food is food, which is ready and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. A restaurant is an organization that serves ready food and beverages on tables set for individuals, pair or bigger groups, to be consumed primarily on the location. Restaurants serve a wide variety of food at a particular cost given on its menu card for on or off the place consumption. These include eating establishments where consumers are served at walkup or make away ordering counters for either on or off building consumption. However, most good restaurant serve food at tables to their consumers for on-premises consumption. Many of the restaurant chains, have improved their annual sales many times over, well away from the limits of the tables they can served each day, by contribution hot well packed meals through free home delivery service on orders placed through a telephone call. It is multi-billion peso businesses that continue to grow up quickly in many countries. A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized both by food which is supplied quickly after ordering, and by smallest service. The food in these restaurants is often cooked in mass in advance and reserved hot, or reheated to order. Many fast-food restaurants are part of restaurant chains or license operations, and standardized food are shipped to each restaurant from central locations. In todays world, going to a restaurant has more to do with socialize then to just having a snack. Only a few decades reverse restaurants were specially target families, which situation does not hold true today. Nowadays, even children; regularly eat out with their friends, on their own. Therefore, restaurants are not just about food of ambience. On a worldwide level, they are an important supplier to the economy while on personal levels it provides us with a place to easily connect with others. OBJECTIVES To set up an existence as  a successful local fast food outlets and get a market share in Philippiness fast food industry. To make FRHANP Fries  a destination spot for malls. To expand into a number of outlets by near years, and sell the franchise to neighboring metropolitan cities. Mission : Our main goal is to be one of the most successful fast food outlets in Philippines, starting with one retail outlet located inside a major shopping mall as a market tester. Our main focus will be serving high-quality food at a great value. COMPANY SUMMARY What is FRHANP Fries? FRHANP Fries sells  foodie fries in a cone  with a  choice of paste. We use the concept of Belgian Fries, where the fries are all made from fresh potatoes and fried twice. Our outlet also provides excellent and friendly customer service to support the ambience of fun, energetic and youthful lifestyle.   Youthful and fresh surroundings We will imitate  successful establishments, such as Jamba Juice and Starbucks, which represent the majority of our core target market, between 18 to 35 years of age. Our store will feature display cooking of our featured Fries from cutting to frying. Our customers will also be able to read our in-house brochures in regards to all knowledge about Fries and our featured sauces as well as other products like burgers and shakes. Our store will be decorated with fast food setting, such as a bright counter and display menu on the wall. Quality Food Each  store will  offer nothing but freshly fried Belgian fries, sandwiches, Burgers, Shakes and variety of unique blend sauces, all served with old-fashioned home-style care. Open Everyday Our store is open everyday from 10 am to 9 pm. Variety, variety, variety A different selection of burgers and sandwiches will be featured every three months and we will also change our Indian soda flavors and shakes to accompany our fries. Start-up Summary The retail outlet will be rented at one of the target location shopping malls. Our preference is Space A, for the main reason of reaching larger traffic. Startup requirements will be financed through owner investments. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/3ea7e45235fa4bd5ad6f924765b00e74.png Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Rs. Kitchen and Fixtures 1144800 Furniture and Interior 874500 Legal 159000 Rent 795000 Packaging and Stationary 450500 Contingencies 222600 Total Start-up Expenses 3646400 Start-up Assets 0 Cash Required 2650000 Other Current Assets 0 Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 2650000 Total Requirements 6296400 Products We want to focus only on selling fries. Alcoholic drinks will not be sold in our outlet, as FRHANP Fries promotes a healthy and positive Philippino lifestyle. Instead, we will offer Idian Soda and Sandwiches  to complement the fries. The dips for Belgian style fries can also be served with sandwiches, they  are available in more than 20 flavors: Pesto Mayo Traditional Sambal Satay pulp Korean BBQ Teriyaki pulp Hot Chili pulp Thai Chili Ketchup Garlic Dip Creamy Wasabi Mayo Roasted Pepper Mayo Lava Cheese Black Pepper pulp Curry Ketchup Barbecue Jalapeno Ketchup Caribbean Islands Competitive Comparison FARHANP Fries has several advantages over its leading competitors: We expect a high degree of enthusiasm and offer a fun store with friendly staff that reflects the companys youthful and energetic culture. Supporting merchandise items that support the companys brand building. Our fried potato is made 100% fresh, compared to most fast food outlets that use frozen fries. Our dipping pulp is also made fresh without preservatives. Our innovative packaging will be more entertaining than our competitors. Company Clean Value Merchandising Hang Out Simple Fresh Cool Pop Culture FAHANP yes yes yes yes yes Yes yes yes McDonalds Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes KFC Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No SubWay Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Sales Literature FARHANP Fries will use advertising and sales programs to get the word out to customers. 1500 color brochures to be distributed throughout destination shopping mall and facilities: in-store, cinemas, area eateries, information during the grand opening. Half page magazine reviews in Philippiness lifestyle magazines that advertise the presence of the outlet. Sourcing Fresh potatoes will be delivered weekly by our distributor directly from the India . We also have an agreement with  Company to exclusively manufacture our Shakes and signature sauces. Future Products For now, we will focus on selling fries and signature shakes, burgers and sauces. However, as we grow further, we will add new categories to our menu, such as Belgian Sandwiches and Buffalo wings. In the future, our growth strategy will be offering the franchise of our brand to food entrepreneurs in the Philippine region. Value Meal Sales of FRHANP Fries will not only generated from the selling of its famous Belgian Fries, but also will be generated by the conception of an innovative package menu called the value meal. It primarily consists of a combination of our featured Belgian Fries, sandwiches and Indian soda at greater value than selling at individual items. Further customization could be done by selling a bigger size of fries called Uber FRHANP to attract price sensitive customers. Market Analysis Summary Consumer expenditures for fast food in Philippines rise during the end of the year 2012, followed by the recovery of Philippiness economy. The increasing number of new establishments such as fast food franchises, fancy restaurants and foodie bakeries around Philippines has shown a significant growth in this sector. Food spending is around 56% of total consumer expenditures in Philippines, and consumer  spending on leisure and recreation made up of 13% of total consumer spending. A  much broader appeal exists for weekend slots because those are the days when most of our core target market enjoys the mall going activities. Age   Youngsters, single, currently enrolled in college and high school. Family unit   We will also appeal to families (young families) with children. Gender   We will target both sexes, with a slight skew for males due to their lower attention  to dietary concerns. Income   We will appeal to the medium income individuals and to all in the lower medium income bracket. According to a recent public survey of people 15 45 years old, 80% of those interviewed like fast food. 90% of them like fast food on a regular basis, and 10% of them claimed that they like fast food very much, or love fast food. The survey also provided the following particular reasons for the increasing popularity of fast food: People have 52 weekends and three long holidays a year. Most of Philipino love to window shop, and when they do strolling around the shopping district, they need a quick bite to accommodate their activities. White-collar workers in offices have stopped bring lunch, and enjoy chicken, hamburger, pizza or other fast food joints in the vicinity. Parents give more money to kids and students to buy lunch. Fast food is naturally their first choice, because of the brand building effort that heavily targets their age group. Eating out still remains as Philippinos common habit of life. They do not perceive fast food is a luxury,  and they enjoy it by bringing their family, especially if they have smaller kids, in the environment of the western-style fast food outlets. Marketing Strategy Our strategy is based on serving our markets well. We will start our first outlet as a market tester that could become a model of the expanding number of outlets in the future. Concentration will be on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in the local market. A combination of local media and local store marketing programs will be utilized at each location. Local store marketing is most effective, followed by print advertising. As soon as a concentration of stores is established in a market, then broader media will be explored. By providing a fun and energetic environment, with unbeatable quality at an acceptable price in a clean and friendly outlet, we will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of our concept is the most critical element of our plan. Pricing Strategy Our pricing strategy is positioned as generic, meaning that 200 INR is the average consumer spending for a snack or light lunch in Philippines. Leveraging the volume of fries, Indian Soda, Sandwiches, Burgers and signature style sauces to be sold, we are serving the majority of Philippino. Management Summary The initial management team depends on the founders, with little back-up. As we grow, we will take on additional help in certain key areas. Part of our basic philosophy will be able to run our executive management as a knowledge sharing fellowship. We will not add additional overhead until absolutely necessary. This will mean that the initial staff support team will have to work extra. By doing this, we will keep our overhead as low as possible, allowing us to adequately staff our outlets. This will also allow us and future business partners to recoup investments as quickly as possible and enjoy a higher return. At present time, FRHANP Fries is being owned by its 6 founders. Management Team FRHANP Fries is currently the creative idea of its six founders. As the company is small in nature, it only requires a simple organizational structure. Implementation of this organization form calls for all four individuals to make all major management decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities. As we expand into multiple locations, each location will have a primary site manager. Organizational Structure Future organizational structure will include a director of store operations when the store locations exceed four units. We hope that this individual will come out of the ranks of our stores management. This will provide a supervisory level between the executive level and the store management level. Possible positions might be added at a later date include marketing manager, purchasing manager, controller, human resources, RD and administrative support team. Personnel Plan Our initial employees will  include two  cashiers, two cooks and two bike boys per location, with one of each on the premises during open hours. This is considered an ideal personnel number for a food outlet the size of our own. Each employee will work for 38-40 hours per week. Personnel Plan (Approx.) Personnel plan Year-1 Site manager 0 cashiers 1,90,800 Cook 1,52,640 Bus boy 1,24,020 Total people 12 Total payroll 4,67,460 Start-up Funding Currently, the company is owned by the original 6 founders, who each will contribute Rs.30,60,000 for the same amount of share, 25%. This will more than cover start-up requirements, and provide the business with a cash pillow to use for expansion over the first year. Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund 36,46,400 Rs. Start-up Assets to Fund 26,50,000 Total Funding Required 62,96,400 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up 15,90,000 Cash Requirements from Start-up 26,50,000 Cash Balance on Starting Date 37,53,600 Total Assets 79,93,600 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing 0 Long-term Liabilities 0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) 0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) 0 Total Liabilities 0 Capital Total Planned Investment 42,40,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) (36,56,400) Total Capital 1,83,60,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 37,53,600 Total Funding 44,00,000 Projected Profit and Loss As the Profit and Loss shows,  FRHANP Fries will run at a profit or loss for the first year, using up some of the cash reserves initially invested by the founders. As sales increase, we will expand into new locations to aggressively spread brand recognition. This increase in visibility will allow us to take up less expensive locations off of Orchard Road, while maintaining our flagship operation, the first store, in a  prime spot. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/ae0e382ef4e34aa6b836c9db8ae7becb.png We recommend using Business Plan Pro as the easiest way to create graphs for your own business plan. Year-1 (Rs.) Sales 1,47,95,639 Direct Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Other Costs of Sales 0 Total Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Gross Margin 1,15,11,971 Gross Margin % 77.81% Expenses Payroll 46,74,600 Marketing/Promotion 5,30,000 Depreciation 0 Rent 92,22,000 Utilities 1,35,150 New location setup 13,25,000 Total Operating Expenses 1,58,86,750 Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes (4374779) EBITDA (4374779) Taxes Incurred 0 Net Profit (4374779) Net Profit/Sales -29.57% Projected Cash Flow The following chart and table show the Projected Cash Flow for FRHANP Fries. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/bb9ce2d1db1244898fee2612c6fa41d6.png Year-1 (Rs.) Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales 14,795,639 Subtotal Cash from Operations 14,795,639 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0 New Current Borrowing 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received 14,795,639 Expenditures Year-1 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 4,674,600 Bill Payments 12,946,045 Subtotal Spent on Operations 17,620,645 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out 0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Purchase Other Current Assets 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 Dividends 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 17,620,645 Net Cash Flow (2,824,953) Cash Balance 35,928,647 Projected Balance Sheet FRHANPs projected company balance sheet follows. Assets Year 1 (Rs.) Current Assets Cash 35,928,647 Other Current Assets 0 Total Current Assets 35,928,647 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 0 Accumulated Depreciation 0 Total Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 35,928,647 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 1,549,826 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities Subtotal Current Liabilities 1,549,826 Long-term Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 1,549,826 Paid-in Capital 42,400,00 Retained Earnings (36,46,400) Earnings (4,374,779) Total Capital 34,378,821 Total Liabilities and Capital 35,928,647 Net Worth 34,378,821

Greek Architecture Essay -- essays research papers fc

Greek Architecture: History and Mechanics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history, there have been several significant architectural movements. The last, and perhaps most enduring movement is that of Classic Greece. Although for centuries, the architecture of ancient Greece has been admired, mimicked, and replicated, its beginnings are somewhat surprising to one unfamiliar with the history of the region. It is important to understand the history and mechanics of Classic Greek architecture in order to fully appreciate its form, function, and beauty. â€Å"Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia† (metmuseum.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The first inhabitants of the Greek peninsula, who are believed to be Neolithic, built very primitive and basic structures. The houses were mainly built with a circular, oval, apsidal, or rectangular shape†¦ They used mud bricks and stones in the mud with reeds or brush to help build the house. Most of the houses had one room, there were very rarely two† (thinkquest.org). These simple homes are the primary foundation for the Grecian style of architecture. Though Neolithic in nature, the first Architects laid the basic foundations for all architecture to follow in Greece and the rest of the world. The shapes of these early homes carry through all the way from the Ionic to the Corinthian order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The next group of settlers were the Minoan architects. Their towns were mostly residential with little or no temples and public places. Unlike earlier people, their houses were private and had many rooms†¦to separate rooms, they would use only pillars† (thinkquest.org). These new people introduced several different aspects to the foundation of Grecian architecture, namely, the openness of the houses and rooms. It is this culture, which is mostly accredited with introducing the mechanics of the ancient Grecian forms of architecture. â€Å"The first advanced culture in Greece, and indeed in all of Europe, was created by a people referred to today as the Minoans. Their civilization flourished from about 2200 to 1450 B.C. on Crete, the large island located about one hundred miles southeast of the Gree... ...on. It is important to understand the history and mechanics of Greek architecture in order to fully appreciate it. The ancient Greeks were very well known for their beautiful temples. They were able to devise several different ways to create beautiful buildings and implement those designs. The ancient Greeks set the architectural foundations for the rest of the world with their three orders. The three styles, or orders, are the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The three distinctive styles are referred to as orders because they display proportionate, ordered, and coordinated parts. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders serve a functional purpose, as well as lend so much beauty to structures. â€Å"All the world’s culture culminated in Greece, and Greece in Athens, all Athens in its Acropolis, all the Acropolis in the Parthenon† (Nardo, 61). Works Cited â€Å"Architecture in Ancient Greece.† Ancient Greece. 11 October 2004. . Greek Architecture. 11 October 2004. . Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"Architecture in Ancient Greece.† 12 October 2004. . Nardo, Don. Ancient Greece. California: Lucent Books, 1994. Time Life Books, eds. Greece: Temples, Tombs, & Treasures. Virginia: Time Life, 1994.

Investigation on the Impacts of Personality on Consumer Decision-making Process Essay

Dr. Lars Perner, Assistant Professor of Clinical Marketing from the University of Southern California, provides that consumer behavior is formally defined as â€Å"the study of activities of either an individual or group of individuals who are in the process of purchasing products or services, as well as the effect of this course of action not only on individual consumers but on the general public† (Perner, 2008, page 2). In other words, consumer behavior is marketing’s psychological approach in understanding purchasing transactions. It may be easy to make an impression on how consumers think by just looking at them physically, but mere observation is not enough. Often, many successful businesses have to undergo intensive studies and series of financial failures before finally learning how to sell their products or services and gain profits. According to Dr. Perner, consumer behavior can result to four benefits in these four areas, namely: â€Å"marketing strategy, public policy, social marketing, and in creating better consumers† (Perner, 2008, page 3). Marketing strategy is an approach toward successful selling by being at the right place at the right time. One example is by intensifying beverage advertisements during summer when the weather is usually hot and one would tend to crave for something to cool himself off. This is also evident when it comes to fashion where malls perform a variety of impressive window dressing every season in order to lure passing potential customers. Public policy is the factor which encourages consumer safety by cautioning them to think things over before purchasing a product. One common example is the line â€Å"Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health. † which is seen in every cigarette advertisement. Social marketing on the other hand, is more concerned with â€Å"getting important messages across rather than selling† (Perner, 2008, page 3). Example is controlling population growth by promoting condoms and contraceptives as response especially to premarital sex which remains as one of society’s issues even up to present. Last but not the least, consumer behavior can lead us to becoming better consumers. One simple demonstration is when buying beauty or skin products. Often, one would think that any product would be good for him or her just because it has become popular through television promotions. A wise customer must take into consideration several factors like allergies to certain ingredients. Taking this into mind, customers will not need to undergo unnecessary spending by purchasing expensive products that do not suit one’s body chemistry and instead by cheaper but milder products for skin maintenance. Taking these four factors into mind will lead to an important goal which is good investment on the part of both buyers and sellers. The Black Box Model This model of consumer behavior is a tool which, if compared to a movie, has two main characters: the customer and his or her incentive. And like any other movie, it has an ending which is whether to buy or not. Putting the oversimplification aside, however, this model analyzes certain stages. First, is identifying what is likely to motivate a consumer in terms of the marketing environment by performing a research within the consumer environment. One important quality that a business must always possess is innovation. An example of this is the creation of Coke Zero by the Coca-Cola Company. This is in response to a greater number of health-conscious customers nowadays, who have become more aware of the disadvantages of taking in big amounts of sugar which is incidentally an ingredient of their traditional product. The new product guarantees a â€Å"no sugar, less calorie† beverage, however, still retaining the same taste of the old Coke. Price is also a consideration in understanding a customer’s needs. There are people who do not mind sacrificing the quality of a product as long as they can get it for bargained prices. On the other hand, there are some who find confidence in and would not mind paying for expensive branded products, especially when that product has a distinctive appeal that would set a person apart from the common crowd, or if that particular brand has proven great guaranteed performance like for example, a whitening soap. Aside from the marketing environment, cultural difference is another crucial factor in analyzing the consumer behavior. Ignorance of other countries’ cultures may often result to awkward and humiliating results if one is not mindful if it. One example is the difference in clothing appearance between Western and Muslim Women, wherein the latter has been accustomed to wearing the conservative, long, black fabrics that covers head to foot and exposing only the eyes, as compared to the more liberated short and neck-plunging outfits being tolerated by the former group. Another example is â€Å"how Muslims regard dogs as dirty animals, but others, if not most countries, consider them as ‘man’s best friend,† thus the famous expression (Perner, 2008, page 31). Marketers must always take extra caution with culture issues and therefore, must take into consideration some of its important characteristics like being comprehensive. One example is how Japanese businessmen often do the customary bow during business dealings. This is not common especially in Western cultures, but somehow American businessmen have learned to perform this as well with Japanese clients in order to show goodwill and respect. This shows another feature of culture which is learned. Another fact about culture is that it exists within â€Å"boundaries of acceptable behavior† (Perner, 2008, page 30). For example, going to mass requires wearing conservative outfit instead of the informal sleeveless or shorts that would often be distractive and not fit for the religious occasion. Also, many people are not aware of other country’s cultural standards. There was one instance during World War II when an American spy was captured by Germans because of how he used his knife and fork while eating. Lastly, cultures are also subject to change however it would depend on how open the citizens of a certain country are. Another thing that must be taken into consideration when talking about culture is stereotyping. When overlooked, this issue may come as offensive. One example is the 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Center towers which would forever remind the world of the cruelty of terrorists. Unfortunately, this resulted to the unfair discrimination of some Muslim individuals as sharing the same terrorist values, although not all Muslims are really in favor of violence. One issue that has something to do with culture is the self-reference criterion. â€Å"This is the act of using the standards of one’s own culture in order to evaluate the culture of another country. One example is how Americans recognize other cultures as backwards just because they refuse to embrace the benefits if advance technology and preserve their customary way of living. In the 1960s, there was in fact an American psychologist who expressed disgust over India’s way of venerating cows and allowing them to roam the streets freely despite the nation being in the middle of food shortage. The psychologist even quoted the word â€Å"sick† as the people of India refuse to take advantage of the fact that cows are excellent food source of meat and milk. Another related concern is also ethnocentrism which is the one’s inclination to regards his own culture as more superior that that of the other† (Perner, 2008, page 32). In order to sell effectively, the market must always consider that â€Å"human beings are social beings, meaning they often influence one another† (Perner, 2008, page 49). That is why there is what we call the reference group, which is the type of crowd that a certain individual would want to compare herself to when it comes to looks or lifestyle (Perner, 2008, page 49). Reference groups have at least three kinds: aspirational, associative and dissociative. Aspirational reference group are usually made up of celebrities or famous people whom others would idolize or copy. One famous example is David Beckham who often posed as spokesperson for popular sports apparels. Associative reference group, on the other hand, are more within reach as they are composed of people whom we see, live or work with everyday, and with whom we share the same level more or less. Some examples are â€Å"coworkers, neighbors, or members of churches, clubs, and organizations† (Perner, 2008, page 49). The dissociative group is the one that some people would not want to be compared with. This is another common thing with teenagers who would want to be labeled as â€Å"cool† in order to gain acceptance as they undergo the critical stage of adolescence. This group is also referred to when individuals would like to generate a certain label of exclusivity for themselves. One example provided here was the merchandise store which called itself â€Å"The Gap, which intends to target young people who want to be referred as modern and cool† (Perner, 2008, page 49).

The History of Cellular Phones

The History of Cellular Phones In 1947, researchers looked at crude mobile (car) phones and realized that by using small cells (a range of service area) and found that with frequency reuse they could increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones substantially. However, the technology to do so at the time was nonexistent. Regulation Then there’s the issue of regulation. A cell phone is a type of two-way radio and anything to do with broadcasting and sending a radio or television message out over the airwaves is under the authority of Federal Communications Commission  (FCC) regulation. In 1947, ATT proposed that the FCC allocate a large number of radio-spectrum frequencies so that widespread mobile telephone service would become feasible, which would also give ATT an incentive to research the new technology. The agency’s response? The FCC decided to limit the number of frequencies available in 1947. The limits made only twenty-three phone conversations possible simultaneously in the same service area and gone was the market incentive for research. In a way, we can partially blame the FCC for the gap between the initial concept of cellular service and its availability to the public. It wasn’t until 1968 that the FCC reconsidered its position, stating that if the technology to build a better mobile service works, we will increase the frequencies allocation, freeing the airwaves for more mobile phones. With that, ATT and Bell Labs proposed a cellular system to the FCC of many small, low-powered, broadcast towers, each covering a â€Å"cell† a few miles in radius and collectively covering a larger area. Each tower would use only a few of the total frequencies allocated to the system. And as the phones traveled across the area, calls would be passed from tower to tower. Dr. Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, is considered the inventor of the first modern portable handset. In fact,  Cooper made the first call on a portable cell phone in April 1973 to his rival, Joel Engel, who served as Bell Labs head of research. The phone was a prototype called the DynaTAC and weighed 28 ounces. Bell Laboratories had introduced the idea of cellular communications in 1947 with the police car technology, but it was Motorola that first incorporated the technology into a portable device designed for use outside of automobiles. By 1977, ATT and Bell Labs had constructed a prototype cellular system. A year later, public trials of the new system were held in Chicago with over 2,000 customers. In 1979, in a separate venture, the first commercial cellular telephone system began operation in Tokyo. In 1981, Motorola and American Radio telephone started a second U.S. cellular radiotelephone system test in the Washington/Baltimore area. And by 1982, the slow-moving FCC finally authorized commercial cellular service for the USA. So despite the incredible demand, it took cellular phone service many years to become commercially available in the United States. Consumer demand would soon outstrip the 1982 system standards and by 1987, cellular telephone subscribers exceeded one million with the airways becoming more and more crowded. There are basically three ways of improving services. Regulators can increase frequencies allocation, existing cells can be split and the technology can be improved. The FCC did not want to hand out any more bandwidth and building or splitting cells would have been expensive as well as add bulk to the network. So to stimulate the growth of new technology, the FCC declared in 1987 that cellular licensees could employ alternative cellular technologies in the 800 MHz band. With that, the cellular industry began to research new transmission technology as an alternative.

x-rays essays

x-rays essays An X-ray is an invisible electromagnetic radiation, with wave lengths that are shorter than the light that is visible to the eye. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German physicist. He discovered the X-ray while he was studying cathode rays in a high voltage, gaseous-discharge tube. He noticed when the tube was in operation it made a screen emit fluorescent light. The fluorescent light was caused by invisible radiation from ultra- violet rays. X-rays are mainly used in the scientific field for, research, industry, and medicine. This is when the X-ray can be diffracted by passing through a crystal or by a reflection from a crystal, which has lattices of atoms that are used as a diffraction grating. The X-rays in the airports scan the luggage and check for metal or foreign objects. The X-ray takes a picture and shows what is inside. This helps so people cannot bring guns knifes and other harmful objects into the plane. An X-ray picture is called a radiograph, Fluoroscopy are used extensively in medicine as diagnostic tools. X-rays are used to treat certain diseases in radiotherapy. Such as, cancer which in that process they expose the tumors to X radiation. Doctors could also see inside the body through the soft tissue. They could see things such as bones and dysfunctional parts of tissue in the body. ...

English Speech Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Speech Act - Research Paper Example People interact differently and forms of communication vary greatly on what is under discussion. One form of speech act is apologizing. The situation of apologizing is necessary when the speaker’s actions infringes social norms. When an utterance or practice has led to an offense, the accused should apologize. As a result, we handle two groups: an apologizer and on the other hand the recipient of apology. However, the act is based on if the individual who created the transgression admits and apologizes. The practice of apologizing needs an utterance or action that is supposed to put things in the right place. Whether a given discourse conditions calls for an apology and if a given utterance succeeds as such an apology will be based on either social-cultural or linguistic norms. Teaching speech acts allows EFL learners to be mindful of the sociolinguistic pacts of language application and cultural variances that make up the suitable fix in English in contrary to their initial s ocio-linguistic structures. Olshtain and Cohen (1991) in respect to language competency stated the way we narrate an incident that also emphasizes the significance of mastering language and presenting the right thing at the right moment is critical in speech act. In some instance, people may use or say something that can cause embarrassment to others. For example, while serving tea one may say â€Å"more tea please† to Americans, the utterance of the word â€Å"tea please!† is interpreted as a request while not an offer. One may have mastered grammar principles, but just mastering the rules, though crucial, is not adequate for effective communication. The fundamental question for consideration on this is is speech acts haphazardly extracted in the stage of second language acquisition or must they been logically taught? Ellis (1992), Olshtain and Cohen (1991), and King and Silver (1993) have debated that training speech acts to foreign students has

Interpretation of Ethical Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interpretation of Ethical Systems - Essay Example Basing on ethical formalism, this act unacceptable because of the evil intentions and therefore, I would go ahead to fire him. The habit of employees stealing from workplace leads to losses. When this has happens, the employer is left with the burden of reviving the business alone or with the help of insurance companies, after a tedious and lengthy follow-up process. Being that the consequence of his action was going to hurt others, I will be justified to fire my classmate. All religions have some believes/commands that provide them with moral guidance. Despite the differences in these believes, all religions prohibit the willful commitment of wrong actions against others. My classmate is therefore not justified, no matter his type of religion. According to the natural law, what is good is what is natural and morality is what agrees with the natural world (Pollock, 2004). Stealing is an immoral act and therefore, an act against all people regardless of their