Alfred Nobel and the prizes named after him

Born in Stockholm in 1833 of Swedish p atomic number 18nts, Alfred Nobel moved with his family to St. Petersburg, hence the capital of Russia, at the age of

nine. There his energetic and inventive father soon acquired a strong and respected send as an inventor and industrialist. Nobel

subsequently lived in several countries and ultimately came to insure himself as a citizen of the world. Even so, he never gave up his Swedish

citizenship.

By virtue of the education he received in numerous countries, Nobel read, spoke and wrote fluently in five European languages: Swedish, Russian,

face, French and German. His numerous handwritten garner demonstrate his remarkable development in all of them. He perfected his French

when sent to capital of France by his father in his late teens to study chemistry. His letters in French are particularly elegant. Those in English sometimes

bear traces of the early nineteenth-century style generally associated with Byron and Shelley (his two favourite poets) and are remarkably free

of grammatical and idiomatic errors. To his mother he invariably wrote in Swedish, which is also the language of the will he serene in Paris. The

fields embraced by the prizes stipulated by the will reflect Nobels individualized interests.



While he provided no prizes for architects, artists,

composers or social scientists, he was generous to those working in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine--the subjects he knew best

himself, and in which he expected the greatest advances.

Throughout his life he suffered from poor wellness and often took cures at peeinging places, less to drink the water than to rest. But he expected

great improvements in medicine, and the profession has since realized some of them. Once he employed a young Swedish physiologist in Paris

to test his own theories on blood transfusions. Although these efforts were non successful, problems related...

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