* Urbanized, state level societies, or complex societies
* Urbanization- large, profound settlements
* Cities- charac.
* High pop. Densities
* Complex social/polit. Organ.
* Special. Of production (full time specialists)
* profound place
* Interdependence between cties and rural hinterlands- cities )or central places) provide servies, economic, bureaucratic, religious
* nevertheless be often dependent on subsistence goods (food) produced by farmers
* a great deal function as a market place
* Centralized institutions
* monumental architecture
What is a State?
* Political unit
* Describes sociopolitical organ. Of a society- stratified societies
* Cities are usually part of a state
Features
* Social complexitiy
* Pop. Density
* Inequality-small segment controls society- elites-control access to resources
Kinds of states
* City states
* Territorial states or empires
Kinds of Civilizations
* Primary- independent development (first ones)
* Secondary- influences from long- open up civilizations had crucial formative impact
* Settlement pattern studies
Origins of civil. BIG questions
* why did civil. Develop in some regions but not in other?
* What are the factors involved?
Are there customary factors?
* Why did similar but independent devel. Happen in different parts of the world?
* Is complexity a tending(p) trajectory?
Theories
Childe and the Urban Revolution
* V. Gordon Childe (1892-1957)
* Fertile Crescent
* Technological developments (metallurgy)
* Craft specialists
* Development of social stratification based on economic classes
* bare(a) production and centralized redistribution
Ecology and irrigation
* Important factors derived from Childes model:
* big(p) food surpluses, diversified farming economies, irrigation; all forms of agricultural intensification
* coefficient of correlation between productivity, surplus, and...If you want to get a full essay, value it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
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